Nicotine is optically active, having two enantiomeric forms. The naturally-occurring form of nicotine is levorotatory. The dextrorotatory form, (+)-nicotine, has only one-half the physiological activity of (–)-nicotine. It is therefore weaker in the sense that a higher dose is required to attain the same effects. The salts of (+)-nicotine are usually dextrorotatory.
As nicotine enters the [...]

 
Morphine can be taken in many ways, either orally, subcutaneously, intravenously, rectally, intrathecally or epidurally. It is more usual to be inhaled on the streets, the so called “chasing the dragon”. Of course, for medicinal purposes, morphine is usually administrated intravenously. When taken orally, a large proportion is broken down in the liver, so only [...]

 
According to recent studies, the myth that opioids does not produce impairments of human performance has been busted. Actually, it was not a surprise, considering that morphine acts directly on the central nervous system. Morphine proved to influence on critical flicker frequency and on the Maddox Wing test (a measure of deviation of the visual [...]

The primary use of morphine’s in medicine is as a pain killer. It’s activity on cells of the central nervous system resulting in pain relief and analgesia is well known for a very long time, although the explanation wasn’t that scientific in the past. However, the side effects of the morphine over the immune system [...]

 
In the class of opiates morphine is considered an extremely potent analgesic and in the mean time a psychoactive drug. Similar with other opioids, like oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Palladone), and diacetylmorphine (Heroin), morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.
Morphine is the principal active ingredient in Papaver somniferum, [...]